of note

DPC, CONSIDERED TO BE A DISTANT RELATIVE YET NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH ‘BESPOKE’ nOR MORE ‘CONTEMPORARY’ VERSIONS OF CONCIERGE CARE NOR CONSIDERED CONCIERGE-STYLE ‘Personal CARE MODELS’ IN THE MARKETPLACE TODAY

Like a Fourth Generation Iteration (A distant cousin if you will): Not to be confused with bespoke-luxury concierge medicine practice models, nor present-day versions of membership-driven contemporary personal care models (PCMs) nor a contemporary iteration of concierge subscription healthcare practices, DPC is a modern-day, cash-only, no insurance, no Medicare, self-pay, reboot (or budget-friendly) subscription spin on the original 90’s luxury or bespoke concierge medicine subscription model that catered primarily to the affluent clientele years ago.

“In contrast, DPC arose as a response to insurance limitations for lower-income populations, focusing on lobbying for legal changes instead of adapting to existing regulations, often leading to violations. Steer clear of marketing and branding, that, while quite prevalent in the marketplace, is frustrating your patient fees achieving qualified medical expense status. For example, you may dearly love the DPC or concierge [as terms or] brands, but, the IRS is convinced that neither brand’s patient fees are qualified medical expenses. Why debate the IRS? Neither brand is likely to fully explain YOUR medical or healthcare philosophy, and neither brand assists with qualified medical expense status so both brands frustrate HSA/FSA/HRA/MSA funding absent changes in tax laws and IRS regulations.” (Eischen; 2025)

Typically (but not always which is why industry jargon can be confusing) DPC docs often urge their curious colleagues to ditch Medicare and kick insurance headaches to the curb and offer a more affordable fee. They champion a cash-only subscription model for primary care or family health services and those fees can range (typically, but not always) $50 to $150 per month per patient. This may (but not always) cover services like check-ups and preventive care (Baus, C. (2022). Baird, A. (2021); Peterson, J. (2021); Tew, J. (2020))

As of recent estimates (2025), there are about 1,200 to 1,500 Direct Primary Care (DPC) practices in the U.S., accounting for some closures. DPC is expected to grow at a rate of 10-20% annually, driven by increasing demand for personalized healthcare, excluding concierge medicine programs. ("The Future of Direct Primary Care" by the American Academy of Family Physicians; "Direct Primary Care" by the American College of Physicians; Articles in *Health Affairs* regarding DPC trends.)

How Concierge Medicine and Direct Primary Care Differ

• Direct primary care (DPC) is like concierge medicine in the sense that practices charge a flat fee to patients and offer members greater access to in-person and virtual care. However, there are two key differences. (Eastwood; 2022)

• One is that, as the name implies, DPC is solely for primary care, while concierge medicine may also cover specialty care. This tends to make DPC less expensive than concierge medicine but also less comprehensive in the services it can offer. (Eastwood; 2022)

• The other is that DPC practices don’t accept insurance, while the American Academy of Private Physicians estimates that 75 percent of concierge medicine practices do. (Generally, concierge practices that don’t accept insurance tend to charge higher membership fees, according to AARP.)

• For patients, insurance covers care that’s not included in the membership fee. For practices, insurance reimbursement provides an additional revenue stream; Jorgensen says MDVIP gets about 20 percent of revenue from insurance, which is roughly an even mix of Medicare and commercial plans. (Eastwood; 2022)

In summary, while DPC shares some distant genetic traits to other subscription healthcare delivery ancestors, DPC is essentially just a distant relative (as an example) of subscription healthcare delivery option trying to build its own sand castle on the beach with the some of other subscription options in the healthcare marketplace.

The term "Direct Primary Care" (DPC) does not have a single universally agreed-upon “inventor,” but the historical trail points to:

Earliest Roots

• In the early 2000s, several small physician groups in the U.S. began using the term “direct care” or “direct primary care” to distinguish their monthly-fee, non-insurance model from “concierge medicine.”

• Qliance in Seattle, founded in 2007 by Dr. Garrison Bliss and Dr. Erika Bliss, is widely credited with popularizingthe term “Direct Primary Care” in the press and policy discussions. They were among the first to lobby for explicit legal recognition of the term.

• Before Qliance, some pioneering practices (e.g., Bliss MD in 1997, and a few early 2000s family practices) used “direct care” or “direct practice” in marketing, but the “primary care” modifier became more consistent by the mid-2000s.

Key Milestones

• 2007: Qliance launches and explicitly brands itself as a “Direct Primary Care” company.

• 2008: The Washington State Legislature passes a law defining and legalizing “Direct Patient Care” arrangements, influenced by Qliance’s lobbying.

• 2010: National media (e.g., The New York Times, Wall Street Journal) begins using “Direct Primary Care” in articles describing low-cost, membership-based alternatives to traditional insurance.

• 2014 onward: The DPC Alliance, DPC Frontier, and other advocacy groups cement “Direct Primary Care” as the industry-standard term.