Educational content only. Not medical, legal, tax, financial or accounting advice. Read the disclaimer.
Models, Terminology and Numbers: The CMT Models and Pricing Map
Membership medicine now covers at least ten distinct models. They differ in who pays, whether insurance is billed, what a panel looks like and what it costs. This brief defines each one in CMT's own terms and puts sourced numbers beside it. It also states plainly where the numbers do not exist yet.
A numbers companion to Research Brief No. 37, The Membership Medicine Models, Compared, which covers each structure's legal rules.
By Concierge Medicine Today, Editorial Research · Published November 2026 · Version 1.1 (Nov. 9, 2026: added a census by model with specialty concierge and direct specialty care shown separately; earlier the same day with interviews of health law attorneys and a transaction advisor) · External review: not yet reviewed · About 14 minutes
The 30-second answer. Concierge medicine and direct primary care are separate models, and both are different from telehealth subscriptions, retail memberships and NP-led or PA-led membership practices. Independent researchers counted 3,036 membership medicine sites in 2023 (concierge and DPC combined), about 60% of them concierge.1 Panel sizes and fees are well documented for DPC and thin for concierge. CMT publishes counts and price bands by model rather than a list of practices. A list would go stale quickly and could read as an endorsement.
What counts as concierge medicine, and what does not?
A membership fee plus, in most cases, continued insurance billing. Practices that drop insurance entirely sit closer to DPC. Go to the full answer ↓
How did CMT get its concierge number?
Four published steps from the Health Affairs count, with DPC removed. See the math ↓
How many practices and clinicians are there?
3,036 sites and 7,021 clinicians in 2023, concierge and DPC combined. CMT estimates 3,000 to 6,000 concierge physicians. Go to the full answer ↓
How many practices, clinicians and patients are in each model?
Only DPC has independent practice counts. Concierge relies on one combined study, company figures and CMT inference, and several models have no public count at all. See the census ↓
How big is a panel in each model?
A 2005 national survey found 898 patients per retainer physician vs. 2,303 in traditional practice. DPC panels are reported separately. Go to the full answer ↓
What does each model cost?
DPC has published averages near $98 to $99 a month. No methodology-disclosed concierge average exists. Go to the full answer ↓
Why doesn't CMT publish a practice directory?
Independence, accuracy and liability. CMT publishes the map, not the list. Go to the full answer ↓
Written for: Physicians exploring a modelNPs and PAsPractice leadersJournalistsResearchers
Ten models, defined in CMT's terms
Practices name themselves loosely, and the same word can mean different things in different markets. CMT sorts models by four first-principles questions: Who pays? Is insurance billed? Who holds the panel? What does the fee buy? Filter the models below or search a term.
Showing 10 of 10 models
Traditional concierge medicineMembership fee plus insurance billing
- Who pays
- Patient pays an annual or monthly fee; insurance and Medicare are billed for covered services.
- Insurance
- Usually billed. Medicare-enrolled physicians may charge the fee only for non-covered services and amenities.3
- Typical panel
- Small; see Part 3.
- Read more
- CMT Basics
Luxury and bespoke conciergeHigh-touch, very small panels, often no insurance
- Who pays
- Individual, family or corporate retainer, often annual.
- Insurance
- Varies; many do not bill.
- Typical panel
- Very small; no published benchmark.
- Read more
- Luxury and access healthcare
Hybrid or segmented practiceA membership tier alongside a traditional panel
- Who pays
- Members pay a fee; non-members are seen through insurance.
- Insurance
- Billed for all patients.
- Note
- Counted inconsistently across studies. CMT reports hybrids separately.
Health system and executive health programsConcierge run by a hospital or system
- Who pays
- Patient or employer, often annual.
- Insurance
- Usually billed for covered care.
- Trend
- Health law attorneys report more large systems now run their own concierge or executive health programs. Executive health programs often add assessments but not same-day personal access.4
- Read more
- CMT Research Brief No. 7
Direct primary care (DPC)Flat periodic fee, no insurance billing
- Who pays
- Patient, family or employer, usually monthly.
- Insurance
- Not billed for clinical services. Qualifying arrangements up to $150 a month may be paid from an HSA from 2026.5
- Read more
- CMT Research Brief No. 21
Employer, onsite and network DPCSponsored by an employer, union or network
- Who pays
- Employer or union, per employee per month.
- Insurance
- Not billed for primary care.
- Read more
- CMT Research Brief No. 35
Direct specialty careMembership or cash-pay outside primary care
- Who pays
- Patient, by membership or published cash price.
- Insurance
- Varies by practice.
- Examples
- Pediatrics (sometimes called direct pediatric care), cardiology, women's health, podiatry, dermatology, psychiatry.
- Read more
- CMT Research Brief No. 6
NP-led, PA-led and nurse-led membershipNon-physician clinicians holding their own panels
- Who pays
- Concierge or DPC structures, depending on the practice.
- Scope
- Depends on state scope-of-practice law.
- Trend
- The NP and PA share of membership medicine clinicians (concierge and DPC combined) rose from 23% to 40%, 2018 to 2023.1
- Read more
- CMT Research Brief No. 18
Telehealth subscriptionsVirtual-only access for a periodic fee
- Who pays
- Patient or employer.
- Note
- No continuity with a named physician is guaranteed in many plans. Not counted as concierge or DPC by CMT.
Retail and consumer-brand membershipsMembership access through a large consumer company
- Who pays
- Patient, often a low annual fee, with insurance billed for visits.
- Note
- Access-focused rather than small-panel. CMT reports these separately and does not count them as concierge.
Why labels mislead. Healthcare attorney Jim Eischen, who has spent about 15 years structuring cash-pay practices, told CMT that the labels are brand names, not predictable models. Before he looks at any label, he asks: Is the practice in Medicare? Is it in network? What exactly is sold for cash? How is it charged?6
Attorney commentary on the CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast. Educational, not legal advice. Practice Insight
CMT's editorial position. No model is better than another. Each answers a different question about time, trust and sustainability. Precise terms make sure the numbers for one model are not quoted as numbers for another.
What has been counted, and by whom
3,036
Membership medicine sites in 2023, concierge and DPC combined. Likely an undercount.
Population DataZhu et al., Health Affairs, 20251
~60%
Share of those sites that were concierge, or about 1,800 sites by CMT's arithmetic.
Population DataHealth Affairs, 20251
+83%
Growth in membership medicine sites, 2018 to 2023, concierge and DPC combined.
Population DataHealth Affairs, 20251
3,000 to 6,000
U.S. concierge physicians, concierge only. CMT estimate with a published method.
Industry ResearchCMT Research Brief No. 287
| Model | Best available count | Source | Evidence type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concierge (all forms) | About 1,800 sites (2023); 3,000 to 6,000 physicians (CMT estimate) | Health Affairs; CMT Brief No. 281,7 | Population DataIndustry Research |
| Largest single concierge network | 1,400+ physicians; 430,000+ members (MDVIP, company-reported) | MDVIP, Feb. 20268 | Industry Research |
| Hybrid, luxury, health system | No separate public count | Gap | |
| Direct specialty care | No national count | Gap | |
| Telehealth subscriptions; retail memberships | Not counted as membership medicine by CMT | Definitional |
A wider lens: cash-pay care beyond the two brands. Jim Eischen estimates that no more than about 3,000 practices fit the two branded categories (national-network-style concierge and DPC combined). That is close to the 3,036 sites Health Affairs counted. He also estimates that 20,000 to 40,000 U.S. health professionals practice some form of cash-pay care outside insurance networks, including virtual care sold for cash.6
Expert estimate from 15 years of practice formation work; method not published. It is not a concierge count and should not be cited as one. Practice Insight
Show the math: how CMT gets from public data to a concierge-only number
Concierge figures and DPC figures are calculated separately. Steps 1 and 2 use public data anyone can check. Step 3 uses assumptions CMT publishes in full in Brief No. 28.
Start with the only national count. Health Affairs identified 3,036 membership medicine sites in 2023. This is concierge and DPC combined, and the authors call it an undercount.1
3,036 sites
Take out DPC. About 60% of those sites were concierge. 3,036 × 0.60 = 1,822.1
~1,800 concierge sites
Adjust for the undercount and convert sites to physicians. CMT applies published, labeled assumptions about missed practices and physicians per site. Every assumption and its range is in Brief No. 28.2
Ranges, not a point
Result: the CMT Concierge Estimate 2026. About 3,000 to 6,000 U.S. concierge physicians in roughly 2,000 to 4,500 sites. Concierge only; DPC is not included.2
3,000 to 6,000
Step 2 leaves about 40% of the 2023 sites as DPC: 3,036 × 0.40 = about 1,200 sites in the Health Affairs count.1 A separate vendor estimate puts DPC practices at about 3,600.3 The gap shows how much counting methods matter.
These figures describe DPC, not concierge medicine, and are shown separately for context only.
Why older numbers you may see are larger
| Figure in circulation | What it actually covers | Method published? | Use today |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12,000 to 13,000 physicians | Physicians running any subscription program, an earlier CMT estimate quoted by a concierge consulting firm. Not concierge only.9 | No | Do not cite as a concierge count |
| 8,000 to 12,000 practices | All membership medicine: concierge, DPC and hybrid practices with a membership tier.2 | No | Cite only as a combined field estimate |
| 3% to 5% growth a year | Earlier CMT estimate from physician and consultant input.9 | No | Superseded by measured growth (+83%, 2018 to 2023, combined) |
| 3,000 to 6,000 physicians | Concierge only | Yes | Cite this for concierge |
CMT corrects in the open: the earlier estimates were not wrong so much as they measured a wider field without saying so.
Ownership is a model dimension too
84% → 60%
Share of membership medicine practices that were independently owned, 2018 to 2023, concierge and DPC combined. Corporate affiliation grew fastest.
Population DataHealth Affairs, 20251
4 partner types
Private equity, family offices, hospitals and health systems, and other large private or public companies. Each approaches a deal differently; family offices often hold longer than private equity's typical three to five years.
Practice InsightHerschman and Jacoby, CMT podcast, 202510
Why consolidation is reaching concierge medicine. On the CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast, Dana Jacoby (Vector Medical Group) named four pressures pushing practices toward outside partners: administrative load pulling physicians away from patients; the cost of security, IT and membership systems; marketing against better-funded entrants; and succession and recruiting.10 Gary Herschman (Baker Donelson) said agreements he negotiates bar investors from directing clinical care, which corporate practice of medicine laws also require in many states. He also said buyers typically ask selling physicians to stay at least five years.10
Advisor and attorney commentary; both work on these transactions. Educational, not legal or financial advice. CMT Research Brief No. 34 covers succession, sale or stay. Practice Insight
About 3,600 DPC practices nationwide, a Hint Health estimate cited by the DPC Alliance.11 Hint reports platform data from more than 2,700 clinicians and 1.4 million members.12 Industry Research
These figures describe DPC, not concierge medicine, and are shown separately for context only.
Part 2b · The census by model
How many practices, clinicians and patients are in each model?
CMT went model by model and kept only figures it could trace to a named source. Each figure is labeled by how it was produced. Where nobody publishes a number, the chart says so instead of filling the gap. Specialty concierge and direct specialty care are shown as separate rows because they work differently: one keeps billing insurance, the other usually does not.
Log scale. Bar length compares orders of magnitude, not exact ratios.
Tap any row for its sources and caveats.
What is known, and what is not
Each cell shows how well a measure is documented for each model. Most of the map is still blank. That gap is the finding.
The panel-size ladder
Patients per clinician, smallest to largest, on one log scale. Years and definitions differ, so read this for scale, not precision.
How CMT built the inferences. Concierge patients: 3,000 to 6,000 physicians7 × 400 to 600 patients each (MDVIP caps panels at 600;30 many practices run smaller) = roughly 1.2 to 3.6 million patients. Employer-funded DPC: 60% of 1.4 million members on one platform12 = about 840,000, a floor for that platform only. NP and PA clinicians: 40.3% of 7,021 clinicians1 = about 2,830, concierge and DPC combined. These are CMT estimates, not counts.
Industry Research CMT inference, method shown.
Direct primary care · a different model · why the DPC rows look fuller
DPC has independent trackers (the DPC Frontier mapper listed 3,163 practices in September 202625), an association survey (about 3,600 practices estimated11) and a billing platform that publishes member counts.12 Concierge has no equivalent registry. These figures describe DPC, not concierge medicine, and are shown separately for context.
Smaller panels are the mechanism, not a perk
Panel size is what turns a membership into time. Bar lengths are drawn to scale.
Patients per physician. Alexander et al., J Gen Intern Med, 2005, national survey.13 Practice Insight The data are old; no newer national concierge panel figure has been published.
AAFP Direct Primary Care data briefs.14 Practice Insight Separately, the DPC Alliance reports that mature DPC panels cluster at 400 to 700 patients.11 Bars use the same scale as the chart above.
These figures describe DPC, not concierge medicine, and are shown separately for context only.
A concierge consulting firm describes typical concierge panels as about 400 to 600 patients, vs. 2,500 to 3,000 in traditional practice, without citing a source.9 Industry Research
What CMT can add today. No newer national concierge panel figure has been published since 2005, so CMT does not estimate one. The Editor-in-Chief's view, from the CMT Media Desk:
“Fewer patients doesn't mean less care; it means more intentional care.”
“I think there will always be a need for a doctor and patient to have a close relationship.”9
Michael Tetreault, Editor-in-Chief, Concierge Medicine Today. Editorial views, not research findings. A concierge-only panel median and range by specialty is a planned question in the 2027 CMT practice survey.
What each model costs, and how sure we are
| Model | Published price evidence | Confidence | Evidence type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional concierge | Annual retainers commonly in the thousands of dollars; no methodology-disclosed national average. One health law attorney who structures concierge practices says most fees she sees fall between about $1,000 and $8,000 a year.4 | Low | Population DataPractice Insight1 |
| Luxury and bespoke | No public benchmark | None | |
| Health system programs | Example: $2,500 a year at one South Florida health system program (2024). Large systems in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia and Florida run concierge programs.15 | Single examples | Industry Research |
| Hybrid | No public benchmark | None | |
| Telehealth, retail | Varies by company; set by each company | Not compiled |
| Figure | What it measures | Source | Evidence type |
|---|---|---|---|
| $98.46 | Average monthly fee, 465 physician survey responses (data collected Oct. to Nov. 2024) | DPC Alliance, 202611 | Practice Insight |
| $105.93 / $99.28 / $77.74 | Average fee for panels under 200 / 201 to 500 / over 500 | DPC Alliance, 202611 | Practice Insight |
| $99 | Median retail monthly price, 2025 (vendor platform data) | Hint Health, 202612 | Industry Research |
| $55 to $66 | Median employer-sponsored monthly range since 2020 (vendor platform data) | Hint Health, 202612 | Industry Research |
| $150 | HSA-eligible ceiling, individual ($300 family), from 2026 | IRS Notice 2026-55 | Policy and Law |
These figures describe DPC, not concierge medicine, and are shown separately for context only. The two survey and platform figures agree closely ($98 to $99), even though they come from different methods.
The other monthly fee: what Medicare already pays for connection
$536M
Medicare and Medicare Advantage payments for remote patient monitoring in 2024, up 31% from 2023.
Population DataHHS OIG, Aug. 202516
~1M
Medicare enrollees who received remote patient monitoring in 2024.
Population DataHHS OIG, Aug. 202516
4,639
Medical practices that routinely billed Medicare for remote patient monitoring in 2024.
Population DataHHS OIG, Aug. 202516
$15M
The same payments in 2019, when Medicare first covered the service widely.
Population DataHHS OIG, via summary16
Jim Eischen calls remote monitoring and chronic care management Medicare's own version of a monthly connection fee.17 OIG is watching the growth for fraud risk, so CMT shows these figures as context on demand, not as a revenue recommendation.
Price is a choice of market, not a measure of value. Jim Eischen says his clients charging about $6,000 a year can deliver care worth $40,000 to some patients. In his view, the real question is who a physician wants to serve for the next decade.6
Attorney commentary; anecdotal; not a benchmark. Practice Insight
Why the fee's wording matters. OIG has twice resolved cases in which practices that accept Medicare assignment charged beneficiaries membership fees for access-style benefits: once in 2007, and again in April 2025 for about $860,000 in penalties and refunds combined.18 What a fee buys, and how it is described, affects both Medicare compliance and whether pre-tax health accounts can pay it. CMT Research Brief No. 33 covers the Medicare rules.
Two attorneys, one core rule. Chicago health law attorney Jonna Eimer stresses that a practice still in Medicare or commercial plans cannot charge members for anything those plans already cover. She also cautions against marketing an "annual exam" that overlaps a covered physical.4 Jim Eischen frames compliant fees around routine exams that Medicare excludes by statute.17 The framing differs; the rule underneath is the same. Have qualified counsel review your own agreement.
Public OIG enforcement records. Educational only; consult qualified counsel. Policy and Law
First-principles question. A fee is only meaningful next to the panel it supports. In the DPC data, smaller panels charge more. CMT expects the same relationship in concierge medicine but has no data to show it yet.
Why CMT publishes counts and price bands, not a practice directory
Lists go stale
Practices change fees, stop taking patients, drop insurance or close. One public finder discloses checking 1,921 of 5,091 listings against the practice's own website over about six weeks (Sept. 23 to Nov. 2, 2026).19
Lists read as endorsement
A listing on an industry publication's site can look like approval. CMT does not vet or endorse practices, sponsors or vendors, and a directory would blur that line.
Maps answer the real question
Physicians, reporters and policymakers mostly ask how many, where, at what price and in which models. Aggregated, sourced counts answer that without ranking anyone.
The Editor's view
“For nearly two decades, everyone guessed how big this field is, including us. The guessing is over. In any industry, authority belongs to whoever shows their math. So we're showing ours.”
Michael Tetreault, Editor-in-Chief, Concierge Medicine Today. From the CMT Media Desk.
“A directory tells you who's out there. It doesn't tell you who's right for you, and it can look like an endorsement we never gave. We'd rather show physicians and patients the whole landscape, with our sources, and let them choose.”
Michael Tetreault, Editor-in-Chief, Concierge Medicine Today, November 2026. Editorial views. That is why CMT publishes counts with their method, not a list of names.
The 2027 CMT Models and Pricing Map: what it will publish
| Dimension | Published as | Source plan |
|---|---|---|
| Model (the 10 above) | Counts and share | Sourced research plus the 2027 CMT practice survey |
| Specialty | Counts by specialty, concierge and direct care separately | 2027 CMT practice survey |
| State | Counts in bands (for example, 1 to 10, 11 to 50), never named practices | Public sources, with dates |
| Price | Bands with sample size and date | Only where n is 30 or more per band |
| Panel size | Median and range by model | 2027 CMT practice survey |
What CMT already has: the specialty mix of its readers
CMT reader poll of physician readers practicing in concierge medicine, 2014 to 2024, 300 respondents, self-selected online poll. Describes respondents, not all concierge physicians; margin of error about ±6 points if the sample were random. *A degree rather than a specialty, shown as respondents selected it.20 Industry Research
Beyond primary care. “Ten years ago, concierge medicine was mostly a primary care story. Today we hear from cardiologists, endocrinologists, OB-GYNs, gastroenterologists and oncologists exploring the model.”
Michael Tetreault, Editor-in-Chief, CMT Media Desk. Editorial view. Because this is a business model rather than a specialty, exact counts by specialty or state do not exist yet. The 2027 CMT practice survey will collect them, and state counts will be published in bands only.
Learn
Name your model with the four questions: who pays, whether insurance is billed, who holds the panel and what the fee buys.
Build
Set your fee and panel together. Use published figures for your own model only, with the source and date.
Lead
When patients or reporters ask, use precise terms. Don't quote a DPC number as a concierge number, or the reverse.
How this brief was built
CMT reviewed published research, association surveys, vendor reports and federal guidance available as of November 9, 2026. Concierge and DPC figures were kept separate throughout. Combined figures are labeled "concierge and DPC combined," and DPC-only figures appear only in dashed DPC boxes. The ten model definitions are CMT's editorial taxonomy, not a legal or regulatory classification.
Every key finding is labeled by evidence type. Labels describe the type of evidence, not its value. Each type answers different questions. Funding is disclosed on every source.
| Evidence type | What it covers | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Trial Evidence | Randomized trials and systematic reviews | Cause and effect |
| Population Data | Large observational studies and government data | Trends at scale |
| Practice Insight | Surveys, smaller studies and expert consensus | Real-world experience |
| Industry Research | Company-sponsored or company-reported data, not peer-reviewed | Early signals and operating data |
| Policy and Law | Statutes, regulation and official guidance | What is required |
What we don't know
- A current national concierge panel size or fee average with a published method.
- Counts of hybrid, luxury, health system and direct specialty practices.
- How many NP-led, PA-led or nurse-led practices run a membership model, by state.
- Whether DPC price-to-panel patterns hold in concierge medicine.
How to cite this brief
Concierge Medicine Today. Models, Terminology and Numbers: The CMT Models and Pricing Map. CMT Research Brief No. 81. November 2026.
External review: not yet reviewed. Corrections: CMT corrects errors in the open and notes what changed and why.
Related CMT Research Briefs
References
- Zhu JM, et al. Growth of membership medicine practices, 2018 to 2023. Health Affairs, December 2025. healthaffairs.org. Summary via carey.jhu.edu.Funding: not stated
- HHS Office of Inspector General. OIG Alert on charging Medicare beneficiaries for services already covered, 2004. hhs.gov.Funding: federal (HHS)
- Eimer JD (Roetzel & Andress, Chicago). Interview on the CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast, Concierge Medicine Today: "From Chicago to Florida: concierge law isn't one-size-fits-all," 2025. Listen on CMT Legal Commentary. Attorney commentary; educational, not legal advice.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-produced; not a sponsored episode)
- Internal Revenue Service. Notice 2026-5. irs.gov.Funding: federal (IRS)
- Eischen J. Interview on the CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast, Concierge Medicine Today, "Cash healthcare, Medicare and compliance: how does it really work?" 2025. Listen on CMT Legal Commentary. Attorney commentary; educational, not legal advice.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-produced; no outside funder)
- Concierge Medicine Today. CMT Concierge Estimate 2026. CMT Research Brief No. 28, October 2026. conciergemedicinetoday.net.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-conducted; no outside funder)
- MDVIP. Press release: 100 consecutive quarters of growth, February 2026. mdvip.com.Funding: industry (MDVIP)
- Castle Connolly Private Health Partners. Want a deeper relationship with your doctor? Why more patients are choosing concierge medicine. Blog post, October 14 (year not shown). ccphp.net. Published by a firm that helps physicians convert to a membership model; quotes Michael Tetreault.Funding: industry (Castle Connolly Private Health Partners; company website)
- Herschman GW (Baker Donelson) and Jacoby D (Vector Medical Group). "Why are there so many concierge practice transactions?" CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast, 2025. Listen on CMT Legal Commentary. Guests advise on practice transactions.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-produced; not a sponsored episode)
- Direct Primary Care Alliance, Member Insights Committee. State of Direct Primary Care. Data collected Oct. to Nov. 2024; published July 2026. dpcnews.com. Summary via medicaleconomics.com and blog.hint.com.Funding: not stated (conducted and published by the DPC Alliance; distribution support from Hint Health)
- Hint Health. 2026 Direct Primary Care Trends Report. get.hint.com. Median prices as reported in Hint's November 2026 DPC Day graphic; the full report was not independently reviewed by CMT.Funding: industry (Hint Health)
- Alexander GC, et al. Physicians in retainer ("concierge") practice: a national survey of physician, patient and practice characteristics. J Gen Intern Med, 2005. pure.johnshopkins.edu.Funding: not stated
- American Academy of Family Physicians. 2024 and 2026 Direct Primary Care Data Briefs. aafp.org (2024); aafp.org (2026).Funding: not stated (conducted and published by AAFP)
- Health News Florida / WUSF. Concierge care: Some Florida hospitals cash in on a private equity-backed trend. April 6, 2024. wusf.org.Funding: not stated (news report)
- HHS Office of Inspector General. Data Snapshot: Billing for Remote Patient Monitoring in Medicare, August 2025. Summary via kslaw.com and natlawreview.com.Funding: federal (HHS OIG)
- Eischen J. Interview on the CMT DocPreneur Leadership Podcast, Concierge Medicine Today, 2025 (OIG, remote monitoring and HSA updates). Listen on CMT Legal Commentary. Attorney commentary.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-produced; no outside funder)
- HHS Office of Inspector General. Civil monetary penalty enforcement records: assignment-agreement cases involving membership fees, May 2007 and April 23, 2025. oig.hhs.gov; archived OIG list.Funding: federal (HHS OIG)
- Publicly posted listing-verification statement on a commercial practice finder, viewed November 2026 (operator not named in this brief).Funding: not stated (company website)
- Concierge Medicine Today. Reader poll: specialties represented, 2014 to 2024 (300 respondents). conciergemedicinetoday.net/media-desk.Funding: Concierge Medicine Today (self-conducted; no outside funder)
- MD². Press release: MD² expands to Chevy Chase, February 2026. md2.com.Funding: not stated (company press release)
- AZ Big Media. MD² Scottsdale: the concierge practice that redefines what personal doctor means, 2026. azbigmedia.com.Funding: not stated (news report)
- Private Medical. Press release: Private Medical opens seventh location in Greenwich, September 2, 2026. businesswire.com.Funding: not stated (company press release)
- Concierge Choice Physicians. Press release: Sharon X. Li, MD, now offering the Hybrid Choice program, July 10, 2026. mchllp.com.Funding: not stated (company press release)
- Healio. Direct primary care gains momentum as experts weigh benefits and tradeoffs, September 1, 2026 (citing the DPC Frontier mapper). healio.com.Funding: not stated (news report)
- Hint Health. Employer Trends in Direct Primary Care, 2025. get.hint.com.Funding: not stated (conducted and published by Hint Health)
- Cottrill A, Ochieng N, Newman T. How many physicians have opted out of the Medicare program? KFF, January 17, 2025. kff.org.Funding: not stated (KFF, independent nonprofit)
- SigmaMD. Direct-care psychiatry: membership models for practices that left insurance behind, 2026. sigmamd.com.Funding: not stated (software vendor blog)
- Fit Tech Global. Amazon acquires One Medical in US$3.9bn deal, 2022 (One Medical member count at announcement). fittechglobal.com.Funding: not stated (news report of company figures)
- Morefield B, et al. MDVIP and Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with diabetes. American Journal of Managed Care, March 2020. ajmc.com.Funding: industry (MDVIP-related study; see article disclosures)
This brief is educational and informational only. It is not medical, legal, tax, financial or accounting advice. Consult qualified professionals about your situation.
Concierge Medicine Today is independent. No one pays for favorable coverage, no practice model is favored, and funding is disclosed for every source. CMT does not vet or endorse any practice, sponsor, vendor or company named or described here.
This brief reflects sources available at publication and is not without possible error or omission. © 2007-2026 Concierge Medicine Today, LLC.

